Glucocorticoids are used to treat many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, an adverse systemic effect is a deleterious effect on bone, which may lead to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, characterized by a rapid and transient increase in bone resorption and fracture risk, which may increase rapidly within 3 months of commencing oral glucocorticoids. Therefore, early risk assessment and intervention are crucial for preventing fractures in patients receiving glucocorticoids. Recent practice guidelines recommend an assessment for fracture risk in patients beginning or receiving glucocorticoids for more than 3 months, and they have suggested fracture risk assessment tool values for identifying patients who need preventive treatment. Bisphosphonates are currently the recommended first-line therapy for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. These have been shown to increase the bone mineral density in the spine and hip and to decrease the incidence of vertebral fractures. Recently, a more potent antiresorptive agent, denosumab, has been shown to increase the bone density in patients receiving glucocorticoids. Teriparatide has been shown to have a preventive effect on vertebral fractures, but not on nonvertebral fractures. In this article we aimed to provide an update on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by focusing on the assessment of its risk and treatment options.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Protective role of 3-oxypyridine derivatives in rats’ steroid-induced osteoporosis associated with reduced oxidative stress and recovery of nitric oxide formation A. P. Danilenko, K. S. Trunov, M. V. Pokrovsky, L. M. Danilenko, M. V. Korokin, O. S. Gudyrev, A. A. Khentov, N. P. Masalytina, I. A. Tatarenkova, A. V. Cherednichenko, E. V. Boeva, I. S. Koklin, E. I. Taran Pharmacy & Pharmacology.2023; 11(1): 48. CrossRef
Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la osteoporosis inducida por glucocorticoides. Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología, 2023 Monique Chalem, Noemi Casas, Aura María Domínguez, Daniel Gerardo Fernández, Andrés González, Edwin Jáuregui, José Fernando Molina, Diana Nathalie Rincón, Carlos Enrique Toro-Gutiérrez, Francisco Juan Vargas Grajales, Susan Martínez, Linda Ibatá Revista Colombiana de Reumatología.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of Piper sarmentosum Aqueous Extract on the Expression of Osteocalcin in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporotic Rats Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli, Ima Nirwana Soelaiman, Suryati Mohd Thani, Nurul Huda Mohd Nor, Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal, Siti Saleha Masrudin, Siti Fadziyah Mohamad Asri Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences.2023; 19(s12): 115. CrossRef
Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Chao-Yi Wu, Huang-Yu Yang, Shue-Fen Luo, Jing-Long Huang, Jenn-Haung Lai Nutrients.2022; 14(8): 1538. CrossRef
A Review on the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Natural Products in Preventing Bone Diseases Innocent U. Okagu, Timothy P. C. Ezeorba, Rita N. Aguchem, Ikenna C. Ohanenye, Emmanuel C. Aham, Sunday N. Okafor, Carlotta Bollati, Carmen Lammi International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(15): 8468. CrossRef
Antiosteoporosis and bone protective effect of nimbolide in steroid‐induced osteoporosis rats Jiang Huo, Yu Ding, Xinyuan Wei, Qi Chen, Bin Zhao Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of denosumab and oral bisphosphonates for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis Lianghai Jiang, Jian Dong, Jianwei Wei, Lantao Liu BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Improvement in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis on Switching from Bisphosphonates to Once-Weekly Teriparatide: A Randomized Open-Label Trial Toshihiro Nanki, Mai Kawazoe, Kiyoko Uno, Wataru Hirose, Hiroaki Dobashi, Hiroshi Kataoka, Toshihide Mimura, Hiroshi Hagino, Hajime Kono Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(1): 292. CrossRef
Understanding of Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis Chang-Nam Son Keimyung Medical Journal.2021; 40(2): 69. CrossRef